Superheater



1,610,740 B. N. BROIDO 'SUPERHEATER Original Filed June 7 1918 2 Sheets-Sheet 2 Oh I.

Dc. 14 ,T926.

Patented Dec. 14, 1926.

UNITED BENJAMIN N. BROIDO, OF PERTH AMBOY, NEW JERSEY, ASSIGNOR TO THE SUPER- HEATER COMPANY, OF NEW YORK, N. Y., A CORPORATION OF DELAWARE.

Original application fileit'June 7, 1918, Serial No. 238,701. Divided and. this application filed July 12, 1920. Serial No. 895,662.

My invention relates to separately fired superheater's and has for its purpose the provision of apparatus of this class, whereby steam may be supplied for two diflerent pur' 3 poses at different temperatures; wherein the superheater elements are effectively pro tected. and may be readily removed and replaced; and wherein the temperature of the steam may be readily regulated.

The present application is a division of one filed by me June 7 1918, Serial Number 238,701.

My invention will be understood from the following description which is to be read 15 in connection with the accompanying drawings. In the latter, Fig. 1 is a longitudinalv central section of a superheater according to my invention; Fig. 2 is an enlarged fragmentary sectional view online 22 of Fig. 259 1:; Fig. 3 is a sectional view on line 3-3 of Fig. 2; Fig. 4 is a central longitudinal sectional view of a modification; Fig. 5 is a transverse sectional view of still another modification; and Fig. 6 is a view of the m headers and their connections of Fig. 5.

' In the form of my invention shown in Figs. 1 to 3, the superheater is made up of three sections placed in the three chambers 2, 3 and 4 of housing 1. The first section, 5, of the superheater, located in chamber 2, com rises elements 6, which are secured to hea ers 7 and 8, preferably located outside or housing 1. Pipe 9 delivers steam from a boiler, not shown, to header 7 and pipes 10 and 11 carry it away from header 8.

The furnace 12 furnishing the hot gases to superheat the steam is located in the lower part of chamber 2, and is separated fromsection 5 of the superheater by two arches,

13 and 14. These arches have openings 15 in them, the openings of the one being out of direct line with the openings of the other.

Tt will be observed that these openings decrease in size with their distance from the front wall.

The rear wall 16 of the chamber 2 is provided with two, openings, one, 1?, at the top, and the other, 18, below arch 13. The latter opening is controlled by damper19.

In chambers 3 and 4 are located respectively the other two sections, 20 and 21 of the.

superheater, whose elements are secured to headers 22 and 23,'and 24 and 25 respectively. The. pipes 10 and 11, spoken of The wall has at its lower end the opening 33, controlled by the damper 34 and communicating by means of passage 35 with flue 31.

The top of chamber 2 is closed by the arch,

36. The construction of this arch and its support are shown in detail in Figs. 2 and 3. lmbedded in the front wall 16 is the hollow cast iron beam 37. Its ends rest on the side walls, and, to cool it, its interior communicates with theair by means of the duct 38 extending through the side wall. Extending from the body of the beam 37 toward cham, her 2 are the fingers 39. These are spaced apart to make room for the ends of the superheater elements 6. The outer ends of the fingers 39 are recessed to provide rectangular seats, as at 10. Resting on these seats are the short lengths of angle iron 41. @111 these in turn rest the ends of the sections making up the arch 36. These sections are as wide only as the angle iron lengths 11, and abut against, but are independent of each other. The angle iron lengths are shown as spanning three spaces between the fingers 39. Some other number may be used if desired. 4

The opposite wall carries a corresponding structure and the angle ironsot'the two lie opposite each other. The sections or the arch are built in any usual 'or preferred way, the only requisite being that they; are, not bonded to each other. Any space between them will, of course, be filled in with mortar, fire clay, or other material to close it.

The arch 42, closing the top of chamber 3, and its means of support, are similar in every way to the structures just described.

The space around th parts of the superheater elements passing etween the fingers 39 is, in practice, stopped up vwith fire clay.

The space abovethe arches is filled in with sand or other material, 43, on which is put a layer of bricks, 44; p

When it becomes necessary to remove a unit, enough of the bricks 44 and sand 43 is removed to make accessible the section of arch 36 above the unit. This section is then removed and likewise the two angles 41 sup porting it, after which the unit may be disconnected and lifted out.

,The steps necessary to insert a unit will be evident and need not be recited in detail.

If desired, .a corresponding provision for the removal of the units of superheater section 21 may be made. This section, however, is not exposed to gases as hot as the other two sections, as explained below, and removal of its elements will be comparatively infrequent, for which reason no spe cial provision for it is shown. When removal of one element becomes necessary, in case of section 21 it will usually be found necessary to renew the entire set, and the entire top must be removed any way.

The operation of the device is as follows:

Steam from the boiler is delivered to the header 7 by pipe 9, flows through the elements 6, where it is heated by the gases from the furnace 12, and is delivered by them to header 8. From this header a portion is carried by pi 11 to header 22, and the remainder by pipe 10 to header 24. The steam reaching header 22 flows through the elements of the superheater 20, and is delivered by them to header 23, whenceit is carried pipe 26 to the point of consumption. Similarly the steam reaching header 24 flows through superheater 21, is delivered by the elements of this superheater to header 25, whence it reaches the point of its use by means of pipe 27. During their passage through the two superheaters 20 and 21, both portions of the steam are additionally superheated by the hot gases from the furnace. With the dampers 19 and 34 in the positions indicated in the figure, the'flow of the hot gases from the furnace will be upward through the first'chamber, downward through the second and upward through the third. It will be noted t at the steam connections are such that in the chambers 3 and 4 the general direction of the steam flow is opposite to the gas flow. This is according to the well-known thermo-dynamic princ'iple of ,countereflow. In the chamber.2 it is desirable to fget the wettest steam through the portions 0 the elements nearest the fire and the connections are therefore such as to give flow of steam and gases in the same general direction. The distribution of the heating gases-over the elements 18 made more uniform by the variation in the sizes of the openings in the arches 13 and 14, spoken 0 above.

It will be clear, that with superheater sections and21 of substantially equal size,

the steam goin through 20 will be superheated to a big er degree than will be the steam going through 21. By suitably proportiomng the two superheate rs, any desired relative heat distribution can be obtained. Thispossibility f getting two steam supplies of different degrees of superheat is very valuable in man cases.

Should it be desire to raise the degree of superheat of the steam from superheater 21 relatively to that from 20, the damper 19 is opened, thus permitting hot gases to pass directly from the furnace to chamber 4 without first being cooled by contact with superheater sections 6 and 20. This brings about the desired result.

Should it be desired, on the other hand. to increase the superheat of the steam flowing through 20 by forcing the fire in the furnace, and at the same time no rise in the temperature of the steam from superheater 21 be desired, the damper 19 is left closed and damper 34 opened the necessary amount. This allows some of the gases to be by-passed around the superheater 21.

In the modification shown in Fig. 4 there are only two chambers, designated as 2 and 3 respectively. They (litter in no material respect from chambers 2 and 3 of Fig. 1. There is here too a dampered openin in the rear wall 16 of chamber 2, but this oes not lead directly to'chamber 3 but to a flue 45 communicating with the passage 17 which connects chambers 23 and 3 at the top. The outlet 29' leads from the lower part of chamber 3" directly to flue 31.

In chamber 2 is located the superheater section 5, whose units 6 are connected to headers '4' and 8. From 8 a portion of the steam is carried by pipe 26" directly to the point of use, while the remainder goes by way of pipe 10" to the header 24, through superheater section 21, to header 25', and, by way of pipe 27, to the point of use.

The construction of the arches 36 and 36 and their abutments is similar to that described in detail above in connection with Figs. 1 to 3. Above the passage is introduced a short arch 36, whose ends abut against inclined surfaces 45 of the hollow beams 37 and 37".

A variation is also introduced in this modification in the relative number of elements in the several sections. In the form of Figs. 1 to 3 the number of these is the same in all the sections, while in the form of Fig. 4 it will be noted that the number of elements 6 The efi'ect of this different relative number of elements on the velocity of the steam should be noted. In Fig. 1 the velocity of the steam'in the elements 6 is higher than in the elements of the sections and 21; while in Fig. 4 the velocity in 21* and 5 is approximately the same, the greater volume flowing through 5 being taken care of by a correspondingly greater number of elements.

Under certain circumstances the arrangement of Fig. 4 is desirable. and manifestly it. can be used in the form of Fig. 1; but the form preferred by me is that of Fig. 1, and it is equally clear that this can be used in Fig. 4.

In the operation of the form of Fig. 4, should it be desired to raise the temperature of the steam from 21 relatively to that from 5*, the damper is opened ,the requisite amount, thus admitting gases from the furmice to the chamber 3* by way of passage 45.

The principle employed in the forms of my device thus far described may also be embodied ina form having the several sections of the superheater located in one and the same chamber, as illustrated in Fig. 5. Here the three sections 46, 47 and '48 are located one above the other. Each of them comprises the usual two headers designated in this case by 7 and 8", 22 and 23 and 24 and 25*, attached to which are their respective superheater elements. The manner in which these headers are inter-connected will be understood from an inspection of the diagrammatic Fig. 6. Steam is carried to header 7 by pipe 9', circulates through the elements of superheater section 46, and is delivered by them to 8". Part of it leaves by pipe 10", going to header 24", whence it passes through the elements of section 48 by which it is returned to header 25"; the remainder leavesby pipe 11 and reaches header 22 which it leaves through the elements of section 47, being returned by them to header 23".

In the lateral walls of the housingare the vertical passages 49-49, which are connected by short horizontal passages 50-50, 51-51, and 52-52 with the furnace space, the space between sections 46 and 47, and the space between sections 47 and 48 respectively. Dampers 53-53 at points in passages '49 between 50 and 51 control the flow of gases through the passages. Dampers 5454 are so arranged in arch-passage 49 that, by being rotated about axes 55-55, they can completely close off the flow of gases from this point upward at the same time leaving passages 51-51 open;' or may close off passages 51-51, leaving 49-49 unobstructed; or, by being rotated into contact with the upper wall of 51-51, may leave both 49-49 and 51-51 unobstructed. The use of the passages and dampers just described may be stated as follows: When it is desired to raise the superheat of the steam delivered by header 25* relatively to that delivered by header 23 dampers 53-53 are opened and dampers 54-54 are set to close than ofi'set its being cooler than before, and

the total superheat for this portion will be raised. i

If it is desired to maintain the temperature of the steam from section 47, the fire will have to be increased.

The effect of opening dampers 53-53 and turning dampers 54-54 into the posi tion shown in the figure, i. e., closing pas sages 49-49 above 51-51, will 'beto bypass part of the furnace gases around section 46. The steam from this section will therefore be cooler, but the gases leaving it, hotter. In section 47 v the greater heat of the gases will more than offset the lowe; temperature of the steam entering thesection, and the total superheat given to the steam going through the section will be greater; while the gases leaving the section will be reduced to approximately their normal temperature. The steam reaching sec tion 48 will receive about the normal amount of additional heating and will therefore leave this section somewhat below its normal temperature. The result, then, of this damper setting is to raise the temperature of steam from section 47 and to lower that from section 48.

It will be evident that in practise considerable variation in my device may occur without departure from the underlying principle or from the spirit of the subjoined claims.

What I claim is:

1. In apparatus of the class described, the combination of a horizontal hollow beam,

spaced fingers extending horizontally at right angles from the beam, said fingers bein provided with'angular seats or rests space from the hollow beam, and angle irons resting on said seats.

2. In apparatus of the class described, the combination of two parallel horizontal hollow beams, spaced fingers extending horizontally at right angles from each of them, said fingers being provided with angular seats or rests spaced from the beams, angle irons resting on said seats, and an arched wall abutting against the angle irons.

3. In apparatus of the class described, the

combination of two parallel horizontal, holloW beams, corresponding spaced fingers extending horizontally at right angles from them, said fingers being provided with an-- 4. In apparatus of the class described hav-Y ing tubular superheater units, the combination of two parallel,lhorizontahhollow beams, corresponding spaced fingers extending horizontally at right angles from them, said fingers being provided with angular seats or rests spaced from the beams, angle irons resting on said seats each of them spanning v a small number of spaces between fingers and those of one beam'being opposite corresponding ones of the other, an arched wall made in sections corresponding to the pairs of opposite angle irons and abutting against them with their ends, whereby the ends of the superheater units can extend through the free spaces between the fingers.

5, In apparatus of the class described having adjacent groups of parallel tubular superheater units, the combination of two parallel, horizontal, hollow beams, corresponding spaced fingers extending horizontally at right angles from them, said fingers being provided .withangular seats or rests spaced from the beams, angle irons resting on said seats each of them spanning a small number of spaces between fingers and those of one beam being opposite corresponding ones of the other, an arched wall made in sections corresponding to the pairsof angle irons and abutting against them with their ends,

whereby the ends of the units of each group can extend through the corresponding free spaces between the fingers of the two beams.

BENJAMIN N. BROIDO. 

